So now that I have my web servers all setup and working I need a way to be able to define URI’s internally (such as FTP, SSH etc) I also wanted to be able to access these sites internally and my modem will not allow hairpin routing so I needed something to direct me to the correct location inside the network. So I needed to setup a DNS server with the correct entries.
First things first is install BIND.
sudo apt-get install bind9
Now that BIND9 is installed the first thing to do is to setup the forwarders. These are the addresses that we will send any requests that are not defined. i.e. if you dont host www.google.com it will forward that request onto these servers to get the correct IP. So we edit
vi /etc/bind/named.conf.options
And add or modify the following
forwarders {
8.8.8.8;
8.8.4.4;
};
After the forwarders are setup, we are going to create a folder for the Zone records. A zone is domain that the server will look after. (For example nbird.com.au) all of the entries related to that domain are grouped together in a zone file.
sudo mkdir /etc/bind/zones
Now we setup the Zone file for the domain in my case I am setting up nbird.com.au so I will create a zone file called db.nbird.com.au
sudo vi /etc/bind/zones/db.nbird.com.au.db
Inside that file I will add the following.
; BIND data file for nbird.com.au
;
$TTL 604800
@ IN SOA ns1.nbird.com.au. root.localhost. (
2 ; Serial
604800 ; Refresh
86400 ; Retry
2419200 ; Expire
604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL
;
@ IN NS ns1.nbird.com.au.
@ IN A 192.168.0.254
@ IN AAAA fe80::20c:29ff:fe50:a7a6
nbird.com.au IN NS ns1.nbird.com.au.
nbird.com.au IN A 192.168.0.254
accounts IN A 192.168.0.254
www IN CNAME nbird.com.au.
dea IN CNAME nbird.com.au.
ns1 IN A 192.168.0.254
To get started you can copy the existing local zone file and then modify it do this run
sudo cp /etc/bind.db.local /etc/bind/zones/db.nbird.com.au
The SOA part is quite a thing to wrap your head around. For more information about what is in the file check out http://support.microsoft.com/kb/163971. After the SOA there is just a single line for each record or sub domain. (In the example above you can see the records for the domain @, accounts, www, dea and ns1)
Now that you have a zone file ready for the domain you need to add it into the named.conf.local
sudo vi /etc/bind/named.conf.local
Once you are into the file add the following to the file
zone "nbird.com.au" in{
type master;
file "/etc/bind/zones/db.nbird.com.au";
};
After that is done you can restart bind
sudo service bind9 restart
and then point a DNS client to the server and try to resolve the addresses.
dean@remote:~$ dig nbird.com.au ; <<>> DiG 9.8.1-P1 <<>> nbird.com.au ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 8185 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;nbird.com.au. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: nbird.com.au. 604800 IN A 192.168.0.254 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: nbird.com.au. 604800 IN NS ns1.nbird.com.au. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns1.nbird.com.au. 604800 IN A 192.168.0.254 ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.0.254#53(192.168.0.254) ;; WHEN: Sat May 3 08:21:46 2014 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 80
Now you can add the other domains you want to add by repeating the process and pointing other URI’s to different locations around your network.